![]() Informed by experiences with Protovis, Bostock, along with Heer and Ogievetsky, developed D3.js to provide a more expressive framework that, at the same time, focuses on web standards and provides improved performance. In 2011, the development of Protovis was stopped to focus on a new project, D3.js. ![]() The library was known to data visualization practitioners and academics. In 2009, based on the experience of developing and utilizing Prefuse and Flare, Jeffrey Heer, Mike Bostock, and Vadim Ogievetsky of Stanford University's Stanford Visualization Group created Protovis, a JavaScript library to generate SVG graphics from data. Flare was a similar toolkit from 2007 that used ActionScript, and required a Flash plug-in for rendering. Prefuse was a visualization toolkit created in 2005 that required usage of Java, and visualizations were rendered within browsers with a Java plug-in. The most notable examples were the Prefuse, Flare, and Protovis toolkits, which can all be considered as direct predecessors of D3.js. There have been various previous attempts to bring data visualization to web browsers. ![]() With the release of version 4.0.0 in June 2016, D3 was changed from a single library into a collection of smaller, modular libraries that can be used independently. ![]() Its development was noted in 2011, as version 2.0.0 was released in August 2011. It is the successor to the earlier Protovis framework. It makes use of Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), HTML5, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) standards. D3.js (also known as D3, short for Data-Driven Documents) is a JavaScript library for producing dynamic, interactive data visualizations in web browsers. ![]()
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